The paving stones for Umbrella started in 1966, when Lord Ozwell E. Spencer led an expedition into Africa with his friend Sir Edward Ashford, fellow scientist Doctor. James Marcus and Marcus' student Brandon Bailey, to find the lost kingdom of the Ndipaya. Ozwell had studied an encyclopedia by explorer Henry Travis, that described a legend of a plant that gave great powers to those who could survive its poisonous blossom.

The two rediscovered the lost kingdom of the Ndipaya, an ancient underground city surrounding the legendary flower, which Travis referred to as the "Stairway to the Sun" This flower produced a previously unrecorded virus which Spencer, Ashford and Marcus established as the Progenitor virus.

When they returned to North America in 1967, they discovered that the flowers could not produce the virus if cultivated outside their habitat. In March, Spencer had the idea of starting a company, though the idea was disliked by Brandon, who felt that it was pointless without being able to produce Progenitor.

In this year, architect George Trevor- after working since '1962 - completed the Spencer estate and its lab. He and his family would be used as guinea pigs for Progenitor. 1968 was a notable year. Umbrella was founded, Ashford died from exposure to the virus [citation needed] and Brandon was forced to stay in Africa and run the Umbrella Africa Research Center and send samples to Dr. Marcus' newly built Training facility.[1]

In 1969, Edward's son Alexander began the construction of the Antarctic Transport Terminal, attached to which was a research centre where he began development of his "Code: Veronica" project. This was his research into the gene that controls intelligence. Two years later, Alfred and Alexia would be born from his research.

Seeking new information on Progenitor, Marcus had several of his students infected with the virus. They were however, unable to survive its effects and died, their corpses dumped in the Water Treatment facility.

Marcus injected Leeches with Progenitor in 1978, and bore witness to the creation of a new strain which he named the "Tyrant virus".[2] Later this year, the Training facility would be closed and Marcus' two prized students: Albert Wesker and William Birkin, would be moved to the nearby Arklay Research Facility.

Yet again in 1978, did Marcus find evidence of tampering. In his increasing paranoia brought on by his quest for glory and isolation from mankind, he wrote in his diary that Albert and William were the only humans he trusted. His trust in them would betray him ten years later however, as the two would - under direct orders from Spencer, himself - have him assassinated by a Special forces unit and dumped in the Water Treatment Facility. Credit for "T" would be taken by William. His trust in William would also render hiding the source of "T" - the Leeches - useless.

By now however, Birkin had little care for "T", having discovered the G-virus in the body of Lisa Trevor, the daughter of George, still kept in the estate as a guinea pig for their twisted experiments.


The B.O.W. Development Team at the Arklay Research Facility.
Added by Garfunkle20Marcus was completely restored by the Queen Leech. Marcus would exact his revenge on Spencer and Umbrella by releasing "T" into the Arklay Research Facility's water supply, turning the facility personnel into zombies and leaving the laboratory and mansion in complete chaos, allowing for the team's extremely dangerous research specimens to escape into the surrounding area.

Birkin and Wesker used this as a diversion for their own plans to leave Umbrella, taking their research with them. Wesker, having formed Raccoon City's elite S.T.A.R.S. unit two years previous, would develop a plan to lure the team to the Mansion and obtain battle data from the conflict that would surely follow. Although the Tyrant was deployed - leading Wesker to falsify his death in a realistic "unforeseen side-effects" of releasing it - both the laboratory and the rampaging Tyrant were destroyed by S.T.A.R.S. Alpha team before making its escape back to Raccoon City with a single Bravo team survivor.

Wesker was forced to go into hiding for a number of months, using his operative Ada Wong to carry out his objectives, including the recovery of Birkin's G-virus. Two months after the Arklay incident, William Birkin finally perfected the viral strain that he'd been toiling to achieve since obtaining Marcus' research so many years earlier. Birkin planned to use the virus to force the Umbrella Corporation into allowing him onto their executive board, but then changed his plans when he found that selling it directly to the U.S. Government would prove far more profitable - though this is based on Umbrella's opinion.

Umbrella deployed its elite U.S.S. Alpha team (a para-military black-operations unit created for Umbrella's most clandestine purposes) led by HUNK in a desperate bid to stop Birkin from handing over his ultimate creation. Although Birkin was mortally wounded in the ensuing conflict, and the G-virus was successfully recovered by HUNK's team, he was able to inject a remaining sample into his own body and devastate most of the team before it could make its escape.

This event would be indirectly responsible for unleashing the T-virus into Raccoon City. HUNK recovered a sample of the virus, extracted and gave it to Umbrella. While the Arklay incident had been relatively isolated and concealed from the public, and Umbrella's control over key government and law enforcement personnel had ensured that any record of what had occurred could be safely swept into obscurity, they were now faced with an entire city infected with "T" and a trail leading directly back to the Umbrella Corporation. This would prove exceedingly difficult, even for Umbrella, to make it simply disappear.

[edit] Decline and Collapse
The T-virus and anti-virus as seen in Resident Evil.
Added by Garfunkle20Umbrella fell from grace of September 24, 1998, when the "T" had turned a large amount of the population into Zombies. The morning after, the U.S. Government had the city limits bordered off by the military, whilst they began an investigation into the matter.

Umbrella itself was divided on the issue of Raccoon City. Its virologists within the limits spent their time researching a cure, whilst weapons researchers had experimental B.O.W.'s sent in to receive combat data on their effectiveness at killing civilians. The Umbrella Biohazard Countermeasure Service (UBCS) was sent in to evacuate civilians, whilst "Monitors" installed within the four Platoon Delta's gathered the combat data, sacrificing their comrades to save their own lives, where they would receive a very generous sum for the data.

Meanwhile, some employees even turned on each other. Dr. Frost was killed by Monica for being in the way of a G-sample, whilst Yoko Suzuki - a tyrant virus test subject used in an experiment two years earlier - lost her Umbrella security card to the woman, who would soon walk right into the infected Birkin and become a host for his offspring.

Former Umbrella researcher Greg Mueller had a University professor create a cure - Daylight - before the Outbreak, knowing what would soon happen. He was wanted by Umbrella, not due to "Daylight", but because of an experiment Greg took with him when he left - an experimental Tyrant. "Thanatos" was activated and sent outside to kill UBCS personnel attempting to claim it. Unbeknownst to him or his creation, the supervisor "Nicholai Zinoviev" had infiltrated the building. Whilst discussing his plan with a few survivors, Nicholai shot through the ceiling, through Greg's head, and out of his neck - death was instantaneous. The University was destroyed by C-4 charges, whilst the Tyrant was killed by "Daylight" nearby. A fitting end to the beast, one of the ingredients of the anti-virus was the creature's very blood.

Elsewhere in Raccoon, an executive had a UBCS team on the lookout for renegade USS member Rodriguez, who had stolen the executive's "package". Rodriguez was waiting for a researcher - Linda - to return from an Umbrella facility as she left something important behind. This was AT1521 - Umbrella's answer to Daylight. After recovering it, another researcher - Carter - released the experimental "Tyrant T-0400TP" to kill off the MA-125 Hunter R running amok. Although seemingly taking orders from Carter without question, it had already counted the man as a threat - a bomb had been planted in the monster, and Carter had the detonator. The creatures betrayal led to the destruction of AT1521, leaving Linda to have to remember how to re-synthesise it all by herself.

Eventually, Umbrella was unable to delay the Presidents decision to authorise Mission Code XX. With little time left, all paramilitary forces were ordered to clear out. Carlos Oliveira and Jill Valentine were rescued by Barry Burton, whilst Nicholai attempted to escape solo by helicopter. Rodriguez was forced to abandon Linda and pull out, leading to an attempted shoot down by Tommy Nielson. The rocket missed, but the helicopter's sudden emergency manoeuvres led to the loss of the "package", revealing an horrific creation. The UBCS team, and T-0400TP were defeated by the giant blob and absorbed into its body. It would eventually be killed by a group of survivors, who successfully escaped Raccoon by HUMVEE with Linda.

Still, this was not the last story to tell of Umbrella's actions in the city. Leader of Umbrella's paramilitary organisations, Sergei Vladimir, stole the U.M.F.-013 storage system - also known as the Umbrella Archives. Ada Wong, a spy sent into Raccoon to gather "G" for Wesker, had finally completed her mission and hitched a ride on the chopper, witnessing the destruction of Raccoon City.

It would take many years, and many more tragedies to finally gather enough evidence to condemn Umbrella.

Umbrella's fortunes failed to improve in the time shortly after the Raccoon City incident. But with a barrage of false witnesses and Code XX destroying all evidence, all blame for the incident was carefully shifted to the U.S. Government. Despite Linda and Yoko's appearance at the Supreme court, Umbrella survived.

On Sheena Island, undercover investigator, Ark Thompson, operating on behalf of Leon S. Kennedy, succeeded in destroying Umbrella's Tyrant production plant after a senior executive assigned to the island unleashed the t-virus on its citizens. Shortly afterwards, when Claire Redfield broke into Umbrella's Paris facilities in search of her brother, she was captured and sent to Umbrella's illegal prison camp on Rockfort Island. While there, she witnessed Albert Wesker attack the island in search of the T-Veronica virus, another descendant of Progenitor. Escaping the island, she found herself trapped at the Antarctic Transport Terminal, where Edward Ashford's granddaughter, Alexia Ashford, awoke from a self-induced coma with a desire to establish a new order.

With the destruction of Sheena Island, Rockfort Island and the Antarctic Transport Terminal, most of Umbrella's illegitimate operations had been shut down. This, combined with the loss of so many of Umbrella's research and security personnel throughout each of the disastrous incidents, left Umbrella with little chance of reforming said operations or regaining the years of research lost thus far.

The U.S. STRATCOM was involved in clean-up operations, such as the theft of the tG virus by former Umbrella executive in R&D, Morpheus D. Duvall, and his plans to create a new order based around his obsessive ideals of 'beauty'. The loss of the experimental virus and the liner "Spencer Rain" would be in vain.

The final blow to the company would come in February of 2003, when a private anti-biohazard paramilitary force was sent to the Caucasus in the Russian Federation in response to rumors of a new B.O.W being developed by Umbrella. Leading the attack were Chris Redfield and Jill Valentine, who eventually reached the Russian facility's underground chamber, where they fought Umbrella's final weapon, T-A.L.O.S., after it was dispatched by Sergei Vladimir. At the same time, Wesker managed to infiltrate the facility a few hours before Chris and Jill's arrival, and had one final encounter with Sergei, who then mutated into a new, virus-infected monster. While Chris and Jill destroyed T-A.L.O.S., Wesker managed to extract all data from Umbrella's Red Queen supercomputer, while also erasing any of the memory left within the computer itself, in order to use it against Spencer, thus bringing Umbrella to its knees.

Umbrella was finally found guilty soon after the Umbrella Russia incident, after an anonymous tip-off by Albert Wesker, using the data he had extracted. The U.S. Government suspended Umbrella's market trading license pending further investigation into their business practices. While this investigation must have already provided Umbrella with severe financial problems, a worldwide manhunt for surviving founder Ozwell E. Spencer sealed the organization's fate.

Albert Wesker kept the stolen data in his secret hideout. Wesker had always desired power more than anything in the world, seeking to dominate all for his own gain. He saw Umbrella as power incarnate. His computer had every Umbrella asset stored away safely, and he planned to one day remake the company under his leadership. This new Umbrella would lead the human race into a new, improved era, fixing a world Wesker saw as unacceptable. His vision for the future would go beyond that of Spencer, but he would later discover that they both had much in common, as Spencer had made Wesker who he had become.

With trading suspended, Umbrella's shares quickly collapsed, and the company was left bankrupt. With the corporation shut down, a vast amount of Bio-Weapon and virus samples appeared on the black market, birthing an age of Bio-terrorism. The ultimate irony being that the world was safer with Umbrella than without it.

[edit] Umbrella's Viral LegacyAlmost a year after Resident Evil 4 Umbrella's T-virus was used in a bioterrorism attack on Harvardville Airport, resulting in a mass infection of the entire terminal. However this time it was caused by a company known as Wilpharma. One of its key employees Frederic Downing, had stolen both the T and G virus samples from his previous employer Umbrella, and fled Raccoon City.

Umbrella's other monstrosity, the G-virus was also used in the same outbreak, and was injected into the body of Curtis Miller. Curtis wanted the information about the Raccoon City outbreak released, so everyone who had wronged him and his deceased family would be arrested. Unknown to him Frederic Downing was using him to collect G-virus combat data for a buyer wanting the T and G-virus’s. However the conspiracy was uncovered by the efforts of Leon S. Kennedy, Claire Redfield and the S.R.T, during the deadly outbreak.

Due to Umbrella's use of medicines developed by other pharmaceutical companies, the Global Pharmaceutical Organization worked to prevent further harm from being done to the names of innocent pharmaceutical organizations, and to prevent the further distribution of B.O.W's, by forming the Bioterrorism Security Assessment Alliance, or "BSAA", after Umbrella's collapse in 2003. Among the eleven founding members were none other than Chris Redfield and Jill Valentine.

edit Umbrella in the "Evil Company" ArchetypeThough Umbrella was portrayed as a archetypical "evil mega corporation", similar to Weyland-Yutani from the Alien series, it was later given an elaborate backstory and presence stretching back to the turn of the century.[3]

On the other hand, the same game greatly bolstered the concept of an omnipotent corporation, introducing the company's private prison island. And while some of the zombie outbreaks seen in the Resident Evil series are caused by staggering incompetence and rogue operatives rather than overt maliciousness.

It is also noteworthy that in Resident Evil 3: Nemesis, the corporation released the Nemesis T02 with the sole intent of tracking down and murdering all surviving S.T.A.R.S. members; and in Resident Evil 2, the T-103 Tyrant was dispatched with a similar mission (murder all credible witnesses to Umbrella's guilt and recovering the G-virus), Resident Evil 3: Nemesis various other T-103 tyrants where released in the city to test them against the US military.

Capcom themselves appeared to realize the increasing improbability of the cliché premise (and the pitfalls of sticking to it), and thus Resident Evil 4 saw Umbrella's swift downfall, explained away in occasional sentences and not really mentioned since. However, in the "Separate Ways" sidegame featured in the PlayStation 2 and Nintendo Wii versions of Resident Evil 4, it is revealed that Umbrella is indeed alive and well under the care of Albert Wesker as apparent by the judicious use of Umbrella technology still in use.

Nevertheless, examples of Umbrella's inability to control outbreaks, mostly caused from former personnel, resulting in pandemonium, include:

Resident Evil 0, which dealt with the outbreak caused deliberately by a resurrected James Marcus in revenge for his 'death' at the hands of Umbrella.
Resident Evil, which dealt with the members of S.T.A.R.S. being used as cannon fodder to gather battle data about the performances of zombies, bio-weapons, and irregular mutants.
Resident Evil 2, Resident Evil 3: Nemesis and the Resident Evil: Outbreak series, which show what happened after an ostensibly failed attempt (the Umbrella operative HUNK eventually delivered the virus) made by Umbrella Special Forces Unit operators to recover the G-virus from William Birkin.
Resident Evil - CODE: Veronica, where a special forces team working for "The Organization", along with Wesker, attack an Umbrella island, causing an Outbreak. Later, an escape plane from the same island, lands at the Antarctic Transport Terminal, causing another Outbreak.
Resident Evil: Survivor, where Vincent Goldman releases the virus to eradicate the population of Sheena Island and any evidence against his own actions.
Resident Evil: Dead Aim, where a rogue scientist, Morpheus D. Duvall, stole samples of Umbrella's prototype viruses, unleashed part of them aboard a luxury cruiser, property of Umbrella, and used several others to threaten the U.S. and China with a secret missile installation filled with viral warheads.
Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles, Umbrella's End/Dark Legacy, where an Outbreak occurs in Umbrella's last stronghold, a research lab in the Caucasus mountain range. Coincidentally, the report of the Outbreak was sent in right as Wesker was seen on camera entering the building, suggesting he may have had involvement.

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